- Pythagoras of Samos (570–495 BCE)
- Plato (428/423-348/347 BCE)
- Euclid (300 BCE)
- Archimedes of Syracuse (287–212 BCE)
- Claudius Ptolemy?(100–160/170 AD)
- Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)
- Galileo Galilei
1564–1642 - Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)
- René Descartes (1596–1650)
- Blaise Pascal (1623–1662)
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723)
- Isaac Newton (1643–1727)
- Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778)
- Adam Smith (1723–1790)
- John Stuart Mill (1806–1873)
- Charles Robert Darwin (1809–1882)
- Karl Marx (1818–1883)
- Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)
- Max Weber (1864–1920)
- Marcel Mauss (1872–1950)
- Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
- John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946)
- George Paget Thomson (1892–1975)
- Erik Erikson (1902–1994)
- Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904–1990)
- Kurt Friedrich Gödel (1906–1978)
- Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009)
- Alan Turing (1912–1954)
- Benoit B. Mandelbrot (1924–2010)
- Frans de Waal (1948–2024)
- Neil deGrasse Tyson (1958-present)
- Richard Dawkins (1941-present)