Category Archives: columns

Writers 4-2: Orhan Pamuk: City of Memories

Streets, avenues, alleys, roads, I do not mean just any street like the yellow lines that run in between the orange squares and polygones that form the lettered streets on the city plan of some unknown town, but I mean the cobbled street, with the pothole at the end, in the old city with the blue street name sign reading Osman in faded, white letters, hidden behind the branches of an old chestnut providing shadow for a group of old men playing backgammon, with the ornamental lighting crossing overhead during national celebrations, forming decorative constellations of imaginary stars at holidays commemorating formative dates in the country’s history, with colored, striped sails hovering above, tightened between the antenna poles and street lanterns, broad red and yellow lanes, keeping the space in which shoppers scurry from store to store, cool on a hot, arid Friday afternoon, streets with the aluminum kebab cart parked on the curb, smoking lines of lamb sticks damping under a brightly yellow parasol, the pink faces of mannequins with their fiercely blue eyes and blackened eye lashes, with their chins pointing at the sky. Street corners, not the wholesome idea of street corners anywhere in the world, where similar but separate events take place, not the shared abstractions of any street corner, but that one, single street corner in every color of detail that makes it recognizable by its own fragments, apart from any other, at which you need only the unique smell of roasted chestnuts, like the street corner across from the bridge with the entrance steps leading to the mosque. And shops, not shops in general, not the type of shop every always goes to for their daily shopping, not any shop you will find in any other city, but this one shop in particular, where I always go to buy my grocery shopping, lettuce, a piece of feta and some tomatoes for a salad, the shop with one out of many, that specific owner with his thick, straw mustache and his glancing eyes that always express a continuous joy or pride perhaps, and a smile of recognition even though he doesn’t know my first name, with the wooden crates of fruits stapled on convenient wheel-able carts, that every early morning roll out, rattling, coming to a stop in front of the display window that reads supermarket in red, stocky, western style fonts with a yellow lining, the shop that sells the dried figs that I love, with the dairy cooler in the back of the store humming, buzzing absently, where I go and pull a plastic bag out of its carton box and scoop my favorite kalamata olives out of their tin can with a blue plastic spoon, Ibrahim’s grocery store. I can tell the tale of a city only by the particular details that I happen observe, but only then can I keep the city alive.

Writers 4-1: Orhan Pamuk: On the Safe Side of the Bosphorus

When I was a child, by my own memory, I was no older than nine years old, when I was still without a notion of consequences of ideas, but only knew the facts of my own world, uncle Meli moved into the attic apartment. He was a man sweet as honey, who had lived abroad where he was tormented by the bitter memories of home. It was only one of many events in my childhood that I only later in life understood to have been defining moments in the lives of the otherwise undefining characters of my family. As a child these events were nothing more than just natural, simply bound to happen as they happened, fully part of the natural cycle of the seasons, some rich of the smell of blossom, others dry and arid. As an adult man, when I was established and well respected by some, but despised by others, my thoughts often returned, escaped to this simplicity of the obvious world. My friends were professors at the university or critics working at the newspaper, and our discussions were drenched in academic analysis, full of the kind of sophistication that elevates doubt to self-consciousness, where hesitation is praised for its swiftness of reflection. All this mature uncertainty seemed meaningless compared to the childish belief in the absolute importance of my family’s grand sagas, of uncle Meli moving in, of grandfather’s tears as he reminisced of his childhood, of grandmother’s voice singing through the house, of the excitement penetrating the rooms on Friday’s after morning prayers, that same excitement that now uneventfully takes place outside, all is subdued, muffled by the ruffling of the maid cleaning the bedroom, the thrill of rowing out on to the Bosphorus, the same water that now is plowed through by the horizontal silhouettes of oil tankers from the black sea. As a child I knew only my family, and only my friends who lived around the corner and with whom I went to school knew me by name. I was free and the world belonged to me. It is a remote world that I try to recreate in the greatest detail, because every little detail that is missing is shattering my childhood and throws me back into the whirling winds of the present, with its hostile voices that deny the evidence of my world, with the passing footsteps of time that do not stop at my doorstep to listen what I am up to, with the missing details of forgetfulness.

Writers 3-2: J.M.G. Le Clézio: The Vortex of Circumstances

The pine covered mountain disappeared in a flighty cloud of thick mist, enclosing the surrounding bushes and schist rocks wildly in an apparently chaotic curling and drifting wind within seconds. Eye sight became impossible beyond a few meters, disintegrating the basic notion of direction, even when walking down the hardened channel of the asphalt road I had walked down a hundred times. The wind started singing and dancing around the house, knocking on the doors, trembling the glass panes in the window frames, slamming them out of their places, rattling the shutters and hinges, breaking off every obstacle on the house. The mountain spirit remained silent during this engorging prelude, but once hidden by the full cover of its breath, the air started to rumble and grumble like a ravenous lion. At ever increasing intervals, the lethargic drumming rhythm of loud bangs could be heard in the sky, falling down like meteores, as if the wind picked up the schist rocks that had broken off the mountain skeleton, and threw at the concrete boxes that caused it to itch, immediately dying out while lingering in the air all around, absorbed by the mist again, diluted in its void, the intestines of the mountain that had turned inside out. No lightning, the sky itself had been swallowed, imploded, vanished, never existed but in the fata morgana of a temporary breach, like a gap in the weather, a glitch of lucidness that allowed for only a day a view of the coastline and the horizon.

Rolling Dice

A man grabs the wooden case of a backgammon game from the pile of boxes on the corner table. He opens it on the small wooden table where his friend is seated, and sits down himself. They place the white and red stones in their respective corners, and throw the dice. His friend collects the dice and throws again, the pieces start to hit the board with loud splashes, followed by a short silence. The conversation falls silent but for the mocking comments that accompany each move. On the small table inside the taverna two little children play cards. In the kitchen a woman pulls up her socks and straightens her dress. She picks up a booklet of cross word puzzles and a pencil. Stares at the list of hints, at the grid of randomly placed, checkered black and white squares and puts the pencil’s end to her lips. With a sharp reflex her hand jumps to the paper and scribbles a word down, and she crosses the hint out with a firm stripe. At each side of a narrow, fold-able table four black men sit down to play domino, their feet pointing outward at the table’s legs forming an uninterrupted eight pointed star from tow to crotch. A snake pattern of white plastic squared stones emerges on the table, under the nervous rattling of stones being shuffled in their hands. Loud voices shout over another, followed by a deep, billowing laughter. How light must they look upon life, how meaningless does their existence become, to play games and avoid any serious effort to pursue a higher dream. They fill their lives with rolling dice and forming meaningless patterns of endless silliness in these children’s games; Life must bore them utterly, they must bore life. How are you doing? Good, good, but they bore me. How is he? What is he doing now? He’s winning, losing maybe. Playing poker, smashing a card with a dull echo on the table as if he battles on life and death, with an expressionless stale face. There is the pride to remain stoic, what stoicism has become, to not flex a muscle, to hide the inner excitement, the crunching disappointment at the randomness of the hand being dealt, to vein control over chance in life. But it is a philosophy without sophism. I find it impossible to withhold my boredom, it gusts out, to not express remaining absolutely unstirred by this silliness. To live life to gamble on a lucky lot to fall into your hands.

The Great Mediocre Novel

One day I will write a novel with ordinary protagonists and common antagonists, with a neighbor of whom we only are informed about the shape of his face but come to know nothing else, and where the only events take place on or around the corner near home or inside the living room of an apartment on the second floor, and the twists out of which the plot is constructed form a straight red thread around which the characters with their simple tics and predictable habits are build, the only actions that the characters undertake consist of the collection of their waste in their trash bin in the kitchen or the bathroom or bringing their garbage to the general red or yellow dumpster on the street corner, meeting one another casually on their way to post a bill payment or while washing their hands in the public bathroom, listening to the flushing of water from the toilet cell next to them staring at the shuffling of two pair of unknown brown leather shoes, a man reflecting on his laundry spinning in the laundromat, looking at a woman folding her colored knickers on the plastic table top, the heroine taking her clothes off before taking a bath, in the morning the day starts with a shower of lukewarm water on a cloudy day, a line of people waiting for a stranger rummaging in his purse for the exact change at the grocery store, while the fingers of the cashier run over the where the drawer of the cash register, then the plot seems to unravel, tension is building when the ATM is out of order and the protagonist has to walk half a mile for the nearest bank office in order to withdraw cash, where one sits in an office with beige desks and white walls all day watching the price of stock going up and going down again, where the main topic of conversation is the weather of that day and the coming weekend, where the critical dialog takes place during a flighty meeting where a shallow greeting is exchanged without any feelings attached, while someone walks through a red light and a car beeps its horn while everyone goes their own way, except for one blurred face staring out of the window from the third floor, drawing nobody’s attention at all, with a preface thanking this and that unknown person, and finally culminating in an ending at the last line of the last page with the words ‘to be continued’ and three single dots.

Sacrificing to the Minotaur

In the current economic crisis people are tempted to fall back to conservative ideologies affirming the existing capitalist system. With the fall of the Stalinism any ideological alternative has evaded people’s imagination. People suffered the consequences from the greatest economic crisis since World War II, in which global banks, the flag ships of world capitalism, collapsed and governments had to intervene with unprecedented measures using public funds to prevent a total economic downfall. And as people fear the threats of economic downfall, politicians within the social-economic status quo advertise two responses. The first Keynesian reflex is to spend money and stabilize the turning of the economic wheels, preventing them from further slow-down. The second response is a reflex to the former and advocates a fiscal conservative policy of cutting budget deficits resulting from the Keynesian reflex. Within the economic wisdom of the existing system these are both established outcomes.

The political debate surrounding the state of the economy has one central question: how much will be cut where? Not even socialists, not christian-democrats or social nationalists, not liberal capitalists doubt the economic necessity of budget cuts. Any person however should be confused, because while everyone made the right analysis of the financial crisis within the status quo of the existing capitalist system, no one is suggesting or considering even any alternative.

The blame points according to all and without doubt at the American investors who sold subprime mortgages with the expectation that their value would continue to rise in the future. The European banks, pension funds and private investors saw rainbows at the horizon and chased after the pots of gold, lured by the same American investors who had invented the subprime mortgages. Following, American investors started speculating on a failure of the mortgage packages by buying default swaps against the same products they were now selling to their own customers. Problems started years ago with the process of globalization of corporations and the relentless expansions that were necessary and financed by loans. Some of these loans were directly at the costs of employees’ pension funds, which were depleted and collapsed when financing fell short. But the crisis exploded only full scale with the financial crisis in 2009.

And what else could government, this servant of their electorate, do than intervene? In Amerika it was said that the banks were ‘Too Big to Fail’. In this process, governments bought the shares of banks against a generous price that lay above their real value, and in order to keep the all but in name bankrupt banks alive the worthless risky loans were sold with risk guarantees to investors (the same investor that had invented, speculated, sold and undermined those packages), while an injection of capital was considered necessary to supply the emptied banks with new cash. All this was unavoidable, finance ministers told the people. This scenario was followed alike in all countries within the American sphere of influence.

In reality, this necessity was also an invention of American capitalism, which was believed without scrutiny by the rest of the western world, perhaps overwhelmed by shame for being taken in, blinded by fear of cataclysmic events, perhaps driven by bad intention, or perhaps out of simple stupidity. The investors who are to be blamed for the crisis (those who enriched themselves by this pyramid game of selfish greed ravishing future increase of value) only accumulated more wealth in the process. They speculated on the failure of subprime mortgages, and turned those failures into huge profits. In the meantime, governments intervened and sold underpriced risky loans to private equity firms without risk with underlying risk guarantees, and injected further tax payers’ cash into fallen and stumbling banks. But instead of passing on these cash reserves to companies and private households in order to keep current accounts at the root of economic activities funded, these banks kept cash in house to increase interest rates by limiting supply. Again capital earned more capital with the higher interest rates, pushing profits ever higher and higher in a speculative spiral in which the rest of the world economy was sucked down. Governments ended up short of capital as interest on capital increased. In response, governments issued new bonds to pay short term expenses, all adding continuously to the profits of investors.

Those same investors started to speculate now on credit default swaps against those governments from which they had bought bonds in order to stimulate government spending, helping to dig their own holes, in which public money was thrown deeper and deeper. Thus they continued a perpetual speculative game of buying, packaging, selling, insuring and undercutting. It is hard for voters to imagine the numbers, the size and the speed by which financial products are created, bought, sold, in every second, every minute, fictive hundreds of millions shoot like electric currents via bank accounts and computers all over the world, allowing only the profits to be skimmed by a small fraction of the population, and en-debt the others in economic bondage.

Greek socialists are a rare bulwark of resistance in Europe, still prepared to literally fight and revolt against the greedy influence of world capital, the institutions that it controls and which accumulates ever more capital and power, leaving less choice and freedom to the lower and middle classes. The ordinary Greek is one of the few European citizens that is not fooled, even if it goes at the cost of the other Europeans, but now the Greeks too are pushed into the fangs of the American IMF, and Europe is selling itself short to the American financial imperium. The unique feature about the current decapitalization of the majority of the people is that it is not the labor classes that are the target of world capitalism, but it is the middle class that is pulled into submission to the influence and power of world capitalism. While in the 1980s the middle management and middle segments of the economy were pushed out of the economic center of power, now it are the middle classes who are voided of economic and political interest in shaping and directing the existing system.

The accumulation of capital no longer takes place mainly or especially by the classic Marxist method of replacing manual labor with machines, the automation of production processes with computers or robots, or by relocating production to low wage countries. This accumulation mainly occurs by borrowing from the future, by speculating on the value of future increase of value, the borrowing from future generations, and shifting the costs of payments to the tax payers. The ‘Verelendung’ or impoverishment of the laborer and accumulation of capital is paid with public money that has been extorted from the employees and independent small entrepreneurs, causing enormous public deficits that are left to be paid by low and middle incomes. The capitalists want us to believe that there is only one single remedy against the threat of this crisis: cutting back public services! Everyone and all have to cut back, these after all are just the laws of the market. Wages, health care, education and social services, all will be cut, while jobs will be relocated to low wage countries, because the hunger of the capitalist minotaur must be fed. There is always something bigger to be feared than these sacrifices, always a bigger doom hanging over us, to make these sacrifices inevitable.

Regardless how clever you think you are, how self righteous you can feel, how much confidence you take from your career, no matter if you are on top of the markets managing your portfolio of petty capital, if you are afraid to lose your new car or to lose your first home, what you should really fear is to be owned by the scale of world capital. It is in this water that you swim: the larger processes of the long term, controlled by the currents and waves that are caused by speculators and private equity firms that sluice money through invisible channels back and forth to and from barely regulated businesses, minority shares, internationally operating companies that only exist on paper and dodge taxes through shell-companies in profit tax paradises like the Netherlands.

What people should fear is not to loose the little they have, but contributing to a system that serves largely the super rich who evade their obligations in return, who launder money via postal addresses on tropical islands or Swiss bank accounts, and who pull the strings of the docile common citizen in their grand stage plays. People with light shoulders carry the heavy burden that the whole system depends on, while those with the most means enjoy the greatest pleasures. What you should fear however, is that you no longer see an alternative, that you believe there is simply no other choice than to bow under the weight. You should fear to lack the courage to strike back, to say enough is enough, and not to live your life as the little man trampling the grapes for the banquets of your lords. If you are only allowed to play another man’s game, you should not continue to gamble for small gain. Retirees have seen their pension savings being annihilated, their pensions frozen or cut back with increasing inflation, young workers have seen future debt accumulating while the perspective of opportunities have disappeared to countries with less worker protection, where workers bow even deeper for the power of world capitalism, disrupting existing economical and social structures, to break the capacity for alternatives.

The power of the status quo lies not in the enforcement against people’s will of an economic system that serves the interest of a small class of the people. The real power lies in the ability to void people of the capacity to think of alternatives. The criticism in the media has been directed at the perverted psychologies of individuals like Nick Leeson or Bernard Madoff. But the root of their perversion lies not in the individual behavior, but in the system that provokes it, tolerates it and promotes it. When the system permits a consistent and continuous stream of faults, the system itself is at fault. While the leaks in the system that allow the occasional outpouring are patched, the system itself that exercises the high pressure on the fragile casing of ethics that surrounds it, remains intact.

See also: Agenda 2010: Life in the Endtimes according to Slavoj Zizek, Slavoj Zizek in VPRO Tegenlicht.

Hollandic centricism, fear of Islam and the Limburgic Renaissance

Introduction
In 1992, the Dutch government and other European governments signed the Treaty of Maastricht, which concluded the transfer of many policy responsibilities from the national European governments to the centralized institutions of the European Union. There was a minority of intellectual skepticism against this centralization of national autonomy but a much broader popular sentiment feared the loss of national cultural identity. Fifteen years later in 2007, this popular sentiment culminated in the rejection of the European Constitution in a referendum by the Dutch voters. But we can also conclude that although the Treaty of Maastricht did weaken national governments, it strengthened the popular awareness of regional identity at the cost of national identities that have been promoted especially in the nineteenth century. At the same time, a more abstract European identity also emerged, and this is paradoxically used against new cultural influences from recent Muslim immigration. In the Netherlands, these anti-Muslim sentiments are vocalized by the flamboyant neo-right politician Geert Wilders. Wilders was born and raised in Limburg, the most southern province in the Netherlands, and it is his political heartland. Wilders’ party the PVV won twice as many votes in Limburg as the national average, 11% versus 5.8%. What are the underlying historic roots beneath this Limburgic phenomenon? Continue reading

Bericht uit Nieuw-Nederland (x1)

De Polen Overspoelen Ons Land
‘De Polen overspoelen ons land’ lees ik in de Telegraaf. ‘Ze zetten de deur alleen maar wagenwijd open’, ‘Er is een Poolse invasie’. ‘Ons land’ herhaal ik stilletjes in gedachten. ‘Ze, de Polen, wagenwijd open, overspoelen, invasie’. Flinke taal. Een bezorgdheid ontstaat al snel na het lezen van het stuk, er-run-stig-ge zorgen, zorgen. Ik maak een simpelen rekensom, Nederland is een klein land waar maar liefst 16,3 miljoen mensen wonen in de relatieve welvaart van een Bruto Nationaal Produkt van 26.292 Euro. Polen is daarentegen een groot land met 38,5 miljoen inwoners die in grote armoede leven met een Bruto Nationaal Produkt van 5.409 Euro. Tel uit je winst en die winst stroomt aldus de wet van de communicerende vaten, x Polen van a naar b met een druk die relatief is aan de inkomensverhoudingen. Volgens het Ministerie van Sociale Zaken werken er momenteel 100.000 Polen in Nederland. Werken weliswaar, belasting betalers. 0,1 Op 16,3, dat is 0,61 procent.

New York telde bij de laatste census 8,2 miljoen inwoners, de helft van het aantal inwoners van de stadsprovincie Nederland, waarvan 213,447 van Poolse herkomst, oftewel 2,6 procent, relatief meer dan 4 keer zoveel Polen in New York als in Nederland. In heel Amerika wonen trouwens 10 miljoen etnische Polen op een bevolking van 300 miljoen, dat wil zeggen 3,3 procent, waarvan de grootste concentratie in Chicagoland in Chicago, Illinois woont. Toeval wil dat ik in Greenpoint, Brooklyn woon. De wijk staat bekend als ‘Little Poland’. Het is alles wat je van een ethnisch ghetto kunt verwachten, er wordt in de eerste plaats geen Engels maar Pools gesproken, er woont een vrijwel homogene bevolking van Polen, met eigen Poolse produkten en Poolse winkeltjes, het ‘Polish National Home’, de stille Poolse alcoholist die in een deurportiek slaapt, en natuurlijk met een katholieke kerk die elke dag bomvol zit, terwijl op de meeste zon- en feestdagen de trouwe gelovigen de straat op het herbenoemde Paus Johannes Paulus plein vullen. Het enige verschil, ik sta er nooit zoveel bij stil dat er zoveel Polen zijn eigenlijk. Continue reading

Bericht uit Nieuw-Nederland (18)

Een prettig Uiteinde: Season of Holidays

Gelukkig, ‘the Season of Holidays’ zit er weer op. Voor mij persoonlijk is het einde van de feestdagen het meest plezierige aspect. Ik heb een instinctieve weerzin tegen religieuze gebruiken, hoe fijnzinnig of gecultiveerd die ook vorm gegeven of hoezeer die ook verbasterd zijn tot seculiere volksgebruiken. Ik kan de feestdagen maar moeilijk onderscheiden van of anders zien dan de primitieve, heidense gebruiken van inheemse stammen om geintoxiceerd op tromgedrum rond een totem te dansen. Er hangt bij elk volk de geur van een hoogontwikkelde beschaving rond haar gebruiken, maar die geur verstikt mijn luchtwegen.

Thanks Giving (4e donderdag in november), Kerstmis (de avond van 24 december en 25 december) en Oud en Nieuw Jaar, het hele repertoire aan feestdagen heb ik ook dit seizoen weer met een melancholiek gevoel aan me voorbij zien trekken. Soms denk ik dat ik misschien wel simpelweg Hollands nuchter ben in mijn appreciatie van al deze vrolikheid, of erger nog eenvoudig Calvinistisch, maar ook toen ik nog in Nederland woonde moest ik dezelfde massaal bezochte volkskermis plichtmatig ondergaan. Het eigenaardige leek mij altijd dat de idiotie ervan vrijwel iedereen leek te ontgaan, de exacte werking van dit verschijnsel ontgaat me ook nu nog volkomen.

Deze religieuze gewoonte van de verschillende stammen op aarde die ook onder de geindustrialiseerde aap in wereldlijke verbasteringen stug voort gaat, beleeft echter in Amerika zijn ware quintessens. Natuurlijk, kun je dat van veel culturele en sociale verschijnselen zeggen die niets met religie te maken hebben. Alles wat hier plaats heeft op deze afgekoelde planeet vindt zijn hoogtepunt, zijn wijdste omtrek in de Nieuwe Wereld. Continue reading

Bericht uit Nieuw-Nederland (17)

UPDATE (20051008-1101pm): Grootste Auto-Onderdelen Fabrikant van Amerika ‘Delphi’ (50.000 personeel) failliet!

Dood op Krediet: het Failliet van Amerika (1)

Op 17 Oktober 2005 wordt in Amerika de hervorming van de Faillisementswet, ‘the Bankruptcy Law’ officieel van kracht. De wet moet het vooral moeilijker maken om een persoonlijke liquidatie aan te gaan en heet officieel dan ook ‘Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA)’. Amerika is berucht vanwege de schulden economie en de spectaculaire bedrijfsfaillissementen van de laatste jaren. Een close-up van de Amerikaanse schulden economie, waarin Sargasso een voorproefje op de Ondergang van het Amerikaanse Imperium neemt.

Introductie
Het meest bekende hoofdstuk uit de Amerikaanse Faillisementswet is het in de volksmond bekende ‘Chapter 11.’ Dit hoofdstuk 11 uit de Bankruptcy Law heeft als belangrijkste oogmerk het herstructureren van op zich levensvatbare bedrijven die door omstandigheden echter niet in staat zijn gebleken te voldoen aan de schuldeisers. In de laatste jaren is men ook buiten Amerika vertrouwd geraakt met de term ‘Chapter 11’ vanwege de spectaculaire faillissementen van multinationals als Enron, Pacific Gas & Electric, Worldcom, Adelphia, MCI, K-Mart, Global Crossing, Mirant, Westpoint Stevens, Trump Hotels and Casinos, Pegasus Satellite Communications, United, TWA en US Airways, Arthur Anderson, QWest en recentelijk nog van Delta en Northwest Airlines. Toch is deze wet slechts 1 hoofdstuk uit een veel omvangrijker Codex.

Geschiedenis
Het Amerikaanse rechtssysteem speelt een veel politiekere en invloedrijkere rol in de maatschappij als het continentaal Europese recht. Dit komt onder andere door de rechtsfilosofische idee over rechtvaardigheid als een maatschappelijke genoegdoening en het jury-systeem, waarin het idee dat verdachten door hun ‘gelijken’ of peers worden berecht centraal staat. Anderzijds komt dit door de manier waarop rechters benoemd worden en de maatschappelijke rol van rechters. En beide voornoemde oorzaken komen voort uit het Angelsaksische systeem van ‘Case Law’ recht, in tegenstelling tot het continentale ‘Burgerlijk Recht’ dat van de Romeinen stamt. In ‘Case Law’ is de belangrijkste bron van recht niet de wetgever, maar ‘redelijkheid’ en ‘precendent’. Het Angelsaksische recht is oorspronkelijk ontstaan uit de precedenten waarin de Engelse koning als hoogste rechter uitspraak deed. Dit heeft als gevolg dat de rechtsprekende macht een veel dynamischer en politiek gevoeligere geschiedenis kent. Continue reading